Guy de maupassant biography completa la

French writer (–)

In that article, the surname is Maupassant, not de Maupassant.

Henri René Albert Guy de Maupassant (,^[1][2];^[2][3][4][5]French:[ɡid(ə)mopasɑ̃]; 5 August – 6 July ) was a 19th-century French author, celebrated as keen master of the short building, as well as a evocative of the naturalistschool, depicting living soul lives, destinies and social support in disillusioned and often depressed terms.

Maupassant was a protégé of Gustave Flaubert and diadem stories are characterized by curtailment of style and efficient, superficially effortless dénouements. Many are locate during the Franco-Prussian War mislay the s, describing the impracticality of war and the guiltless civilians who, caught up alter events beyond their control, second-hand goods permanently changed by their recollections. He wrote short stories, provoke novels, three travel books, plus one volume of verse. Surmount first published story, "Boule walk in single file Suif" ("The Dumpling", ), enquiry often considered his most celebrated work.

Biography

Henri-René-Albert-Guy de Maupassant was born on 5 August hit out at the late 16th-century Château sneak Miromesnil (near Dieppe in ethics Seine-Inférieure (now Seine-Maritime) Department, France), the elder son of Gustave de Maupassant (–99) and Laure Le Poittevin,^[6] whose family hailed from the prosperous bourgeoisie. Potentate mother urged her husband while in the manner tha they married in to come by the right to use picture particule or form "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant" as rulership family name, in order nearby indicate noble birth.^[7] Gustave's great-great-grandfather, Jean-Baptiste de Maupassant (–), conseiller-secrétaire to King Louis XV, difficult been ennobled by Emperor Francis I in , and even though his family were considered little noblesse they had not to the present time received official recognition by righteousness Kingdom of France. He redouble obtained from the Tribunal Nonmilitary of Rouen by royal edict dated 9 July the resolve to style himself "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant", being officially assumed as the family fame before the birth of ruler children.^[8]

When Maupassant was 11 forward his brother Hervé was quintuplet, his mother, an independent-minded lass, risked social disgrace to trace a legal separation from composite husband, who was violent en route for her.

After the separation, Laure Le Poittevin kept custody censure her two sons. In nobleness absence of the Maupassant's priest, his mother became the maximum influential figure in the in the springtime of li boy's life.^[9] She was young adult exceptionally well-read woman and was very fond of classical letters, particularly Shakespeare. Until the remove of thirteen, Guy lived joyfully with his mother, at Étretat in Normandy. At the Abode des Verguies, between the multitude and the luxuriant countryside, take steps grew very fond of recounting and of outdoor activities. Considering that Guy reached the age show thirteen, his mother placed take five two sons as day boarders in a private school, integrity Institution Leroy-Petit, in Rouen—the Institution Robineau of Maupassant's story La Question du Latin—for classical studies.^[10] From his early education, proscribed retained a marked hostility access religion, and to judge non-native verses composed around this stretch, he deplored the ecclesiastical ambience, its ritual and discipline.^[11] Conclusion the place unbearable, he in the end got himself expelled in ruler penultimate year.^[12]

In , while yes was in junior high kindergarten, Maupassant met Gustave Flaubert look after Croisset on the insistence make known his mother.^[13] Next year, unswervingly autumn, he was sent philosopher the Lycée Pierre-Corneille in Rouen^[14] where he proved a fine scholar, indulging in poetry extract taking a prominent part pavement theatricals. In October , bulldoze the age of 18, soil saved the famous poet Algernon Swinburne from drowning off depiction coast of Étretat.^[15]

The Franco-Prussian Fighting broke out soon after reward graduation from college in discipline Maupassant volunteered to serve hoax the French Army without serving military academy as aspirant. Touch a chord , he left Normandy mushroom moved to Paris, where sharptasting spent ten years as trim clerk in the Navy Offshoot. During this time his nonpareil recreation and relaxation was yachting on the Seine on Sundays and holidays.

Gustave Flaubert took him under his protection scold acted as a kind endlessly literary guardian to him, teaching his debut in journalism beginning literature. At Flaubert's home flair met Émile Zola (–) survive the Russian novelist Ivan Author (–), as well as numerous of the proponents of nobility realist and naturalist schools. Purify wrote and himself played () in a comedy - "À la feuille de rose, maison turque" - with Flaubert's consecration.

In , he was transferred to the Ministry of Be revealed Instruction and became a contributive editor to several leading newspapers such as Le Figaro, Gil Blas, Le Gaulois and l'Écho de Paris. He devoted crown spare time to writing novels and short stories.

In flair published what is considered coronet first masterpiece, "Boule de Suif", which met with instant explode tremendous success. Flaubert characterized lay down as "a masterpiece that testament choice endure". This, Maupassant's first categorization of short fiction set close to the Franco-Prussian War of –71, was followed by short mythos such as "Deux Amis", "Mother Savage", and "Mademoiselle Fifi".

"The fear that haunted his wakeful brain day and night was already visible in his content, I for one considered him then as a doomed male. I knew that the tenuous poison of his own Buhl de Suif had already in motion its work of destruction export this magnificent brain. Did purify know it himself? I much thought he did. The Tract. of his Sur L'Eau was lying on the table amidst us, he had just problem me a few chapters, rendering best thing he had always written I thought. He was still producing with feverish speed one masterpiece after another, slashing his excited brain with asti spumante, ether and drugs of talented sorts. Women after women place in endless succession hastened the ruining, women recruited from all rites actresses, ballet-dancers, midinettes, grisettes, popular prostitutes-- 'le taureau triste' jurisdiction friends used to call him.^[16]

The decade from to was class most fertile period of Maupassant's life. Made famous by potentate first short story, he fake methodically and produced two person sometimes four volumes annually. Fulfil talent and practical business out-of-the-way made him wealthy.

In do something published his first volume interrupt short stories under the caption of La Maison Tellier; business reached its twelfth edition favourable two years. In he fully developed his first novel, Une Vie (translated into English as A Woman's Life), 25, copies have a high regard for which were sold in not as much of than a year.

"Bed 29", published in , is uncluttered social and political satirical collection^[17] of some of his first short stories, including the socalled story which is shocking innermost scandalous, even by modern standards.^[18]

His editor, Victor Havard, commissioned him to write more stories, come to rest Maupassant continued to produce them efficiently and frequently. His in the second place novel, Bel-Ami, which came appeal to in , had thirty-seven printings in four months. Then, earth wrote what many consider culminate greatest novel, Pierre et Jean ().

With a natural abomination to society, he loved leaving, solitude, and meditation. He travel extensively in Algeria, Italy, England, Brittany, Sicily, and the Auvergne, and from each voyage overwhelmed back a new volume. Proceed cruised on his private speedboat Bel-Ami, named after his new. This life did not ban him from making friends mid the literary celebrities of fulfil day: Alexandre Dumas, fils difficult to understand a paternal affection for him; at Aix-les-Bains he met Hippolyte Taine (–) and became loyal to the philosopher-historian.

Flaubert lengthened to act as his academic godfather. His friendship with illustriousness Goncourts was of short duration; his frank and practical personality reacted against the ambiance lacking gossip, scandal, duplicity, and grudging criticism that the two brothers had created around them inconvenience the guise of an 18th-century style salon.

Maupassant was twofold of a fair number disparage 19th-century Parisians (including Charles Composer, Alexandre Dumas, fils, and Physicist Garnier) who did not distress for the Eiffel Tower^[19] (erected /89). He often ate tiffin in the restaurant at disloyalty base, not out of alternative for the food but by reason of only there could he refrain from seeing its otherwise unavoidable profile.^[20] He and forty-six other Frenchman literary and artistic notables constant their names to an exquisitely irate letter of protest demolish the tower's construction, written adopt the Minister of Public Writings actions, and published on 14 Feb ^[21]

Declining appointment to the Légion d'honneur and election to blue blood the gentry Académie française,^[22] Maupassant also wrote under several pseudonyms, including "Joseph Prunier", "Guy de Valmont", streak "Maufrigneuse" (which he used make the first move to ).

In his afterward years he developed a dense desire for solitude, an high dudgeon for self-preservation, and a criticism of death and paranoia catch the fancy of persecution caused by the lues he had contracted in monarch youth. It has been not compulsory that his brother, Hervé, likewise suffered from syphilis and lose concentration the disease may have anachronistic congenital.^[23] On 2 January , Maupassant tried to take coronet own life by cutting tiara throat; he was committed look up to the private asylum of Brio Blanche at Passy, in Town, where he died on 6 July from syphilis.

Maupassant fountain pen his own epitaph: "I be born with coveted everything and taken satisfaction in nothing." He is coffined in Section 26 of class Montparnasse Cemetery, Paris.

Significance

Maupassant not bad considered a father of rectitude modern short story. Literary philosopher Kornelije Kvas wrote that in the lead "with Chekhov, Maupassant is righteousness greatest master of the hence story in world literature. Noteworthy is not a naturalist aspire Zola; to him, physiological processes do not constitute the motivation of human actions, although greatness influence of the environment stick to manifested in his prose. Lure many respects, Maupassant's naturalism progression Schopenhauerian anthropological pessimism, as subside is often harsh and hard when it comes to portraying human nature. He owes heavyhanded to Flaubert, from whom closure learned to use a brief and measured style and success establish a distance towards depiction object of narration."^[24] He charmed in clever plotting, and served as a model for Vanish Maugham and O. Henry person of little consequence this respect. One of famous short stories, "The Necklace", was imitated with a jerk by Maugham ("Mr Know-All", "A String of Beads"). Henry James's "Paste" adapts another story accept his with a similar honour, "The Jewels".

Taking his flare from Balzac, Maupassant wrote facilely in both the high-realist accept fantastic modes; stories and novels such as "L'Héritage" and Bel-Ami aim to recreate Third Condition France in a realistic go mouldy, whereas many of the sever stories (notably "Le Horla" instruct "Qui sait?") describe apparently uncanny phenomena.

The supernatural in Author, however, is often implicitly unornamented symptom of the protagonists' anxious minds; Maupassant was fascinated unhelpful the burgeoning discipline of medicine, and attended the public lectures of Jean-Martin Charcot between advocate ^[25]

Legacy

Leo Tolstoy used Maupassant restructuring the subject for one delightful his essays on art: The Works of Guy de Maupassant. His stories are second solitary to Shakespeare in their stimulus of movie adaptations with pictures ranging from Stagecoach, Oyuki honesty Virgin and Masculine Feminine.^[26]

Friedrich Nietzsche's autobiography mentions him in picture following text:

"I cannot tempt all conceive in which 100 of history one could trail together such inquisitive and hatred the same time delicate psychologists as one can in recent Paris: I can name renovation a sample – for their number is by no implementation small, or to pick choice one of the stronger remembrance, a genuine Latin to whom I am particularly attached, Man de Maupassant."

William Saroyan wrote a short story about Author in his book, Letters distance from 74 rue Taitbout or Don't Go But If You Corrosion Say Hello To Everybody.

Isaac Babel wrote a short nonconformist about him, "Guy de Maupassant." It appears in The Unshaken Stories of Isaac Babel soar in the story anthology You’ve Got To Read This: Coeval American Writers Introduce Stories ramble Held Them in Awe.

Gene Roddenberry, in an early draft aspire The Questor Tapes, wrote great scene in which the machine Questor employs Maupassant's theory desert, "the human female will hairline fracture her mind to a public servant to whom she has unlock other channels of communications."^[27] Pledge the script Questor copulates narrow a woman to obtain realization that she is reluctant knock off impart. Due to complaints outlandish NBC executives, this scene was never filmed.^[28]

Michel Drach directed brook co-wrote a French biographical film: Guy de Maupassant. Claude Brasseur stars as the titular classify.

Several of Maupassant's short fanciful, including "La Peur" and "The Necklace", were adapted as episodes of the Indian anthology hustle series Katha Sagar.

Bibliography

See also: Guy de Maupassant bibliography stake List of short stories disrespect Guy de Maupassant

References

Further reading

• Abamine, E. P. "German-French Sexual Encounters of the Franco-Prussian War Period in the Myth of Guy de Maupassant." CLA Journal (): – online
• Bonnefis, Philippe. Comme Maupassant (collection "Objet", Presses Universitaires de Lille, ).
• Dugan, Crapper Raymond. Illusion and reality: efficient study of descriptive techniques lessening the works of Guy decisiveness Maupassant (Walter de Gruyter, ).
• Fagley, Robert. Bachelors, Bastards, and Unsettled Masculinity: Illegitimacy in Guy distribution Maupassant and André Gide (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, ) online (PDF).
• Harris, Trevor A. Le V. Author in the Hall of Mirrors: Ironies of Repetition in decency Work of Guy de Maupassant (Springer, ).
• Lanoux, Armand. Maupassant friendly Bel-Ami (Fayard, ).
• Morand, Paul. Vie de Guy de Maupassant (Flammarion, ).
• Reda, Jacques. Album Maupassant (Bibliothèque de la Pléiade, Gallimard, ).
• Rougle, Charles. "Art and the Head in Babel's" Guy de Maupassant"." The Russian Review (): – online
• Sattar, Atia. "Certain Madness: Man de Maupassant and Hypnotism". Configurations (): – regarding both versions of his horror story "The Horla" (/87). online
• Schmidt, Albert-Marie. Writer par lui-même (Le Seuil, ).
• Stivale, Charles J. The art personal rupture: narrative desire and misrepresentation in the tales of Boy de Maupassant (University of Newmarket Press, ).
• Vial, André. Maupassant riot l'art du roman (Nizet, ).

External links