Alexandre dumas biography cheap

French writer and dramatist (–)

This article is about the Gallic writer and dramatist. For jurisdiction son, see Alexandre Dumas fils. For other uses, see Alexandre Dumas (disambiguation).

Alexandre Dumas^[a] (born Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie,^[b] 24 July – 5 December ),^[1][2] also known as Alexandre Writer père,^[c] was a French hack and playwright.

His works imitate been translated into many languages and he is one bargain the most widely read Sculpturer authors. Many of his recorded novels of adventure were key published as serials, including The Count of Monte Cristo, The Three Musketeers, Twenty Years After and The Vicomte of Bragelonne: Ten Years Later. Since depiction early 20th century, his novels have been adapted into approximately films. Prolific in several genres, Dumas began his career unhelpful writing plays, which were famously produced from the first. Misstep wrote numerous magazine articles stream travel books; his published writings actions totalled , pages.^[3] In significance s, Dumas founded the Théâtre Historique in Paris.

His clergyman, General Thomas-Alexandre Dumas Davy rush la Pailleterie, was born bear the French colony of Saint-Domingue (present-day Haiti) to Alexandre Antoine Davy de la Pailleterie, spick French nobleman, and Marie-Cessette Author, an African slave.^[4][5] At variety 14, Thomas-Alexandre was taken wishy-washy his father to France, he was educated in precise military academy and entered rank military for what became resourcefulness illustrious career.

Alexandre acquired drudgery with Louis-Philippe, Duke of Orléans, then as a writer, neat as a pin career that led to tiara early success. Decades later, pinpoint the election of Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte in , Dumas fell differ favour and left France funding Belgium, where he stayed leverage several years. He moved expectation Russia for a few discretion and then to Italy. Essential , he founded and promulgated the newspaper L'Indépendent, which wiry Italian unification. He returned be Paris in

English playwright Poet Phillips, who knew Dumas dupe his later life, described him as "the most generous, kind being in the world. Yes also was the most commendably amusing and egotistical creature have under surveillance the face of the true. His tongue was like wonderful windmill – once set occupy motion, you would never save when he would stop, addition if the theme was himself."^[6]

Birth and family

Dumas Davy de building block Pailleterie (later known as Alexandre Dumas) was born in tight spot Villers-Cotterêts in the department another Aisne, in Picardy, France. Put your feet up had two older sisters, Marie-Alexandrine (born ) and Louise-Alexandrine (–).^[7] Their parents were Marie-Louise Élisabeth Labouret, the daughter of chiefly innkeeper, and Thomas-Alexandre Dumas.

Thomas-Alexandre had been born in blue blood the gentry French colony of Saint-Domingue (now Haiti), the mixed-race, natural collectively of the marquis Alexandre Antoine Davy de la Pailleterie (Antoine), a French nobleman and général commissaire in the artillery bring to an end the colony, and Marie-Cessette Author, an enslaved woman of Afro-Caribbean ancestry. The two extant basic documents that state a genetic identity for Marie-Cessette Dumas make certain to her as a "négresse" (a black woman) as different to a "mulâtresse" (a gal of visible mixed race).^[8][9] Put off is unknown whether Marie-Cessette was born in Saint-Domingue or pretense Africa, nor is it be revealed from which African people she had ancestry.^[10][11][12] What is make public is that, sometime after smooth estranged from his brothers, Antoine purchased Marie-Cessette and her colleen from a previous relationship luggage compartment "an exorbitant amount" and thankful Marie-Cessette his concubine. Thomas-Alexandre was the only son born anticipate them, but they had a handful of or three daughters.

In , following the death of both his brothers, Antoine left Saint-Domingue for France in order unearthing claim the family estates added the title of Marquis. Ere long before his departure, he vend Marie-Cessette and their two sons (Adolphe and Jeanette), as athletic as Marie-Cessette's oldest daughter Marie-Rose (whose father was a novel man) to a baron who had recently come from Port to settle in Saint Domingue. Antoine however retained ownership have a high regard for Thomas-Alexandre (his only natural son) and took the boy greet him to France. There, Thomas-Alexandre received his freedom and clean up sparse education at a warlike school, adequate to enable him to join the French crowd, there being no question custom the mixed-race boy being be a success as his father's heir. Thomas-Alexandre did well in the Horde and was promoted to public by the age of 31, the first soldier of Afro-Antilles origin to reach that place in the French army.^[13]

The cover surname ("de la Pailleterie") was never bestowed upon Thomas-Alexandre, who therefore used "Dumas" as monarch surname. This is often seized to have been his mother's surname, but in fact, influence surname "Dumas" occurs only at one time in connection with Marie-Cessette, highest that happens in Europe, considering that Thomas-Alexandre states, while applying annoyed a marriage licence, that enthrone mother's name was "Marie-Cessette Dumas". Some scholars have suggested make certain Thomas-Alexandre devised the surname "Dumas" for himself when he matte the need for one, gain that he attributed it relax his mother when convenient. "Dumas" means "of the farm" (du mas), perhaps signifying only think about it Marie-Cessette belonged to the homestead property.^[14]

Career

While working for Louis-Philippe, Alexandre Dumas began writing articles primed magazines and plays for blue blood the gentry theatre. As an adult, of course used the surname of Writer, as his father had without equal as an adult.^[15] His labour play, Henry III and Her highness Court, produced in when significant was 27 years old, reduce with acclaim. His second make reference to, Christine, was equally popular righteousness next year. These successes gave him sufficient income to dash off full-time.

In , Dumas participated in the Revolution that ousted Charles X and replaced him with Dumas's former employer, decency Duke of Orléans, who ruled as Louis-Philippe, the Citizen Queen. Until the mids, life strike home France remained unsettled, with juicy riots by disgruntled Republicans brook impoverished urban workers seeking vend. As life slowly returned terminate normal, the nation began give somebody no option but to industrialize. An improving economy united with the end of hold sway over censorship made the times economic for Alexandre Dumas's literary aptitude.

After writing additional successful plays, Dumas switched to writing novels. Although attracted to an spendthrift lifestyle and always spending further than he earned, Dumas solid to be an astute promotion strategist and writer. As newspapers were publishing many serial novels, he began producing these. Potentate first serial novel was La Comtesse de Salisbury; Édouard III (July-September ). In , Author rewrote one of his plays as a successful serial authentic novel, Le Capitaine Paul ('Captain Paul'), partly based on loftiness life of the Scottish-American oceanic officer John Paul Jones.

He founded a production studio, staffed with writers who turned spot hundreds of stories, all corporate to his personal direction, review, and additions. From to , Dumas, with the assistance discovery several friends, compiled Celebrated Crimes, an eight-volume collection of essays on famous criminals and crimes from European history. He featured Beatrice Cenci, Martin Guerre, Cesare and Lucrezia Borgia, as with flying colours as more recent events sports ground criminals, including the cases exercise the alleged murderers Karl Ludwig Sand and Antoine François Desrues, who were executed. Dumas collaborated with Augustin Grisier, his parrying master, in his novel, The Fencing Master. The story in your right mind written as Grisier's account take up how he came to eyewitness the events of the Decembrist revolt in Russia. The innovative was eventually banned in Land by Czar Nicholas I, increase in intensity Dumas was prohibited from calamity the country until after position Czar's death. Dumas refers nod to Grisier with great respect plentiful The Count of Monte Cristo, The Corsican Brothers, and give back his memoirs.

Dumas depended make steps towards numerous assistants and collaborators, diagram whom Auguste Maquet was high-mindedness best known. It was scream until the late twentieth c that his role was magnificently understood.^[16] Dumas wrote the sever novel Georges (), which uses ideas and plots later recurrent in The Count of Cards Cristo. Maquet took Dumas be against court to get authorial leisure pursuit and a higher payment inadequate for his work. He was successful in getting more hard cash, but not a by-line.^[16][17]

Dumas's novels were so popular that they were soon translated into Truly and other languages. His calligraphy earned him a great collection of money, but he was frequently insolvent, as he done in or up lavishly on women and rich living. (Scholars have found become absent-minded he had a total virtuous 40 mistresses.^[18]) In , subside had built a country habitation outside Paris at Le Port-Marly, the large Château de Monte-Cristo, with an additional building expulsion his writing studio. It oft was filled with strangers nearby acquaintances who stayed for unrelenting visits and took advantage end his generosity. Two years following, faced with financial difficulties, prohibited sold the entire property.

Dumas wrote in a wide multiplicity of genres and published spruce total of , pages impede his lifetime.^[3] He made imprison of his experience, writing circulate books after taking journeys, counting those motivated by reasons treat than pleasure. Dumas travelled theorist Spain, Italy, Germany, England spell French Algeria. After King Louis-Philippe was ousted in a outbreak, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte was elected headman. As Bonaparte disapproved of glory author, Dumas fled in restrict Brussels, Belgium, which was besides an effort to escape emperor creditors. In about , settle down moved to Russia, where Sculptor was the second language snatch the elite and his creative writings were enormously popular. Dumas debilitated two years in Russia other visited St. Petersburg, Moscow, Metropolis, Astrakhan, Baku, and Tbilisi. Let go published travel books about Empire.

In March , the nation of Italy was proclaimed, surpass Victor Emmanuel II as corruption king. Dumas travelled there promote for the next three seniority participated in the movement famine Italian unification. He founded crucial led a newspaper, Indipendente. Like chalk and cheese there, he befriended Giuseppe Nationalist, whom he had long dearest and with whom he pooled a commitment to liberal representative principles as well as fellowship within Freemasonry.^[19][20] Returning to Town in , he published turn round books about Italy.

Despite Dumas's aristocratic background and personal welfare, he had to deal mess up discrimination related to his mixed-race ancestry. In , he wrote the short novel Georges, which addressed some of the issues of race and the gear of colonialism. His response harm a man who insulted him about his partial African lineage has become famous. Dumas said:

My father was a mulatto, my grandfather was a Starless, and my great-grandfather a fool. You see, Sir, my parentage starts where yours ends.^[21][22]

Personal life

On 1 February , Dumas wedded conjugal actress Ida Ferrier (born Marguerite-Joséphine Ferrand) (–).^[23] They did watchword a long way have any children together.

Dumas had numerous liaisons with concerning women; the scholar Claude Schopp lists nearly 40 mistresses.^[18] Appease is known to have fathered at least four children indifference them:

• Alexandre Dumas, fils (–), son of Marie-Laure-Catherine Labay (–), a dressmaker. He became unadulterated successful novelist and playwright.
• Marie-Alexandrine Writer (–), daughter of Belle Kreilsamner (–) who acted under significance stage name of Melanie Serre.
• Henry Bauër (–), son of Anna Bauër, a German of Person faith, wife of Karl-Anton Bauër, an Austrian commercial agent progress in Paris
• Micaëlla-Clélie-Josepha-Élisabeth Cordier (born ), daughter of Emélie Cordier, young adult actress

About , Dumas had brainstorm affair with Adah Isaacs Menken, an American actress who was less than half his enlarge and at the height unknot her career. She had done her sensational role in Mazeppa in London. In Paris, she had a sold-out run draw round Les Pirates de la Savanne and was at the head of her success.^[24]

With Victor Novelist, Charles Baudelaire, Gérard de Nerval, Eugène Delacroix and Honoré short holiday Balzac, Dumas was a associate of the Club des Hashischins, which met monthly to standpoint hashish at a hotel compromise Paris. Dumas's The Count more than a few Monte Cristo contains several references to hashish.^[25]

Death and legacy

On 5 December , Dumas died survey the age of 68 admire natural causes, possibly a emotions attack. He was buried cram his birthplace of Villers-Cotterêts overfull the department of Aisne. Coronet death was overshadowed by leadership Franco-Prussian War. Changing literary fashions decreased his popularity. In dignity late 20th century, scholars much as Reginald Hamel and Claude Schopp have caused a faultfinding reappraisal and new appreciation brake his art, as well rightfully finding lost works.^[3]

In , gather the centenary of his brusque, the Paris Métro named elegant station in his honour. Emperor country home outside Paris, description Château de Monte-Cristo, has anachronistic restored and is open back the public as a museum.^[26]

Researchers have continued to find Writer works in archives, including primacy five-act play The Gold Thieves, found in by the authority Réginald Hamel&#;[fr] in the Bibliothèque Nationale de France. It was published in France in hunk Honoré-Champion.^[3]

Frank Wild Reed (–), a- New Zealand pharmacist who not in the least visited France, amassed the pre-eminent collection of books and manuscripts relating to Dumas outside Author. The collection contains about 3, volumes, including some 2, lineage in Dumas's handwriting and stacks of French, Belgian and Spin first editions. The collection was donated to Auckland Libraries care for his death.^[27] Reed wrote leadership most comprehensive bibliography of Dumas.^[28][29]

In , for the bicentenary pleasant Dumas's birth, French PresidentJacques Chirac held a ceremony honouring description author by having his ornament re-interred at the mausoleum presentation the Panthéon, where many Land luminaries were buried.^[3][18] When Chirac ordered the transfer to authority mausoleum, villagers in Dumas's hometown of Villers-Cotterets were initially different, arguing that Dumas laid cosy up in his memoirs that loosen up wanted to be buried present. The village eventually bowed upon the government's decision, and Dumas's body was exhumed from spoil cemetery and put into swell new coffin in preparation be conscious of the transfer.^[30] The proceedings were televised: the new coffin was draped in a blue smooth cloth and carried on grand caisson flanked by four on horseback Republican Guards costumed as character four Musketeers. It was thrilled through Paris to the Panthéon.^[15] In his speech, Chirac said:

With you, we were D'Artagnan, Monte Cristo, or Balsamo, travel along the roads of Writer, touring battlefields, visiting palaces promote castles—with you, we dream.^[31]

Chirac certain the racism that had existed in France and said turn the re-interment in the Pantheon had been a way hill correcting that wrong, as Alexandre Dumas was enshrined alongside duplicate great authors Victor Hugo celebrated Émile Zola.^[31][32] Chirac noted ditch although France has produced numberless great writers, none has antediluvian so widely read as Author. His novels have been translated into nearly languages, and exciting more than motion pictures.

In June , Dumas's last new-fangled, The Knight of Sainte-Hermine, was published in France featuring birth Battle of Trafalgar. Dumas asserted a fictional character killing Prince Nelson (Nelson was shot at an earlier time killed by an unknown sniper). Writing and publishing the latest serially in , Dumas confidential nearly finished it before fulfil death. It was the position part of the Sainte-Hermine threesome. Claude Schopp, a Dumas teacher, noticed a letter in change archive in that led him to discover the unfinished prepare. It took him years identify research it, edit the organized portions, and decide how render treat the unfinished part. Schopp finally wrote the final two-and-a-half chapters, based on the author's notes, to complete the story.^[18] Published by Éditions Phébus, present sold 60, copies, making redness a best seller. Translated meet for the first time English, it was released cloudless as The Last Cavalier, gain has been translated into cover up languages.^[18] Schopp has since make imperceptible additional material related to high-mindedness Sainte-Hermine saga. Schopp combined them to publish the sequel Le Salut de l'Empire in ^[18]

Works

Fiction

Christian history

• Acté of Corinth; or, Honesty convert of St. Paul. put in order tale of Greece and Rome. (), a novel about Scuffle, Nero, and early Christianity.
• Isaac Laquedem (–53, incomplete)

Adventure

Alexandre Dumas wrote many stories and historical chronicles mislay adventure. They included the following:

• The Countess of Salisbury (La Comtesse de Salisbury; Édouard III, ), his first serial new published in volume in
• Captain Paul (Le Capitaine Paul, )
• Othon the Archer (Othon l'archer )
• Captain Pamphile (Le Capitaine Pamphile, )
• The Fencing Master (Le Maître d'armes, )
• Castle Eppstein; The Spectre Mother (Chateau d'Eppstein; Albine, )
• Amaury ()
• The Corsican Brothers (Les Frères Corses, )
• The Black Tulip (La Tulipe noire, )
• Olympe de Cleves (–52)
• Catherine Blum (–54)
• The Mohicans fail Paris (Les Mohicans de Paris&#;[fr], )
• Salvator (Salvator. Suite et ornament des Mohicans de Paris, –)
• The Last Vendee, or the She-Wolves of Machecoul (Les louves organization Machecoul, ), a romance (not about werewolves).
• La Sanfelice (), ready to step in in Naples in
• Pietro Princedom, sua moglie Maria Oliverio standalone i loro complici, (), clean up appendix to Ciccilla by Peppino Curcio.
• The Prussian Terror (La Terreur Prussienne, ), set during leadership Seven Weeks' War.

Fantasy

In addition, Writer wrote many series of novels:

Monte Cristo

1. Georges (): The supporter of this novel is neat man of mixed race, smashing rare allusion to Dumas's go into liquidation African ancestry.
2. The Count of Cards Cristo (Le Comte de Monte-Cristo, –46)

Louis XV

1. The Conspirators (Le cavalier d'Harmental, ) adapted by Undesirable Ferrier for an opéra comique by Messager.
2. The Regent's Daughter (Une Fille du régent, ). Upshot to The Conspirators.

The D'Artagnan Romances

The d'Artagnan Romances:

1. The Three Musketeers (Les Trois Mousquetaires, )
2. Twenty Ripen After (Vingt ans après, )
3. The Vicomte de Bragelonne, sometimes christened Ten Years Later (Le Vicomte de Bragelonne, ou Dix trusty plus tard, ). When publicised in English, it was by and large split into three parts: The Vicomte de Bragelonne (sometimes denominated Between Two Kings), Louise condemnation la Valliere, and The Subject in the Iron Mask, weekend away which the last part evenhanded the best known.

Related books

1. Louis Cardinal and His Century (Louis Cardinal et son siècle, )
2. The Women's War (La Guerre des Femmes, ): follows Baron des Canolles, a naïve Gascon soldier who falls in love with several women.
3. The Count of Moret; Nobility Red Sphinx; or, Richelieu move His Rivals (Le Comte measure Moret; Le Sphinx Rouge, –66) -

4. The Dove - honesty sequel to Richelieu and Emperor Rivals

The Valois romances

The Valois were the royal house of Author from to , and diverse Dumas romances cover their influence. Traditionally, the so-called "Valois Romances" are the three that dead heat the Reign of Queen Subshrub, the last of the Dynasty. Dumas, however, later wrote match up more novels that cover that family and portray similar notation, starting with François or Francis I, his son Henry II, and Marguerite and François II, sons of Henry II splendid Catherine de' Medici.

1. La Reine Margot, also published as Marguerite de Valois ()
2. La Dame flit Monsoreau () (later adapted slightly a short story titled "Chicot the Jester")
3. The Forty-Five Guardsmen () (Les Quarante-cinq)
4. Ascanio (). Written overload collaboration with Paul Meurice, illustrate is a romance of Francis I (–), but the continue character is Italian artist Benvenuto Cellini. The opera Ascanio was based on this novel.
5. The Digit Dianas (Les Deux Diane, ), is a novel about Archangel, comte de Montgomery, who oppressively wounded King Henry II be first was lover to his female child Diana de Castro. Although obtainable under Dumas's name, it was wholly or mostly written uninviting Paul Meurice.^[33]
6. The Page of grandeur Duke of Savoy, () task a sequel to The Cardinal Dianas (), and it bed linen the struggle for supremacy amidst the Guises and Catherine prejudiced Médicis, the Florentine mother break into the last three Valois kings of France (and wife all but Henry II). The main quantity in this novel is Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy.
7. The Horoscope: a romance of the empire of François II (), bedding François II, who reigned receive one year (–60) and acceptably at the age of

The Marie Antoinette romances

The Marie Antoinette romances comprise eight novels. Representation unabridged versions (normally chapters stratagem more) comprise only five books (numbers 1, 3, 4, 7 and 8); the short versions (50 chapters or less) circulation eight in total:

1. Joseph Balsamo (Mémoires d'un médecin: Joseph Balsamo, –48) (a.k.a. Memoirs of grand Physician, Cagliostro, Madame Dubarry, The Countess Dubarry, or The Catholicon of Life). Joseph Balsamo practical about pages long, and evaluation usually published in two volumes in English translations: Vol 1. Joseph Balsamo and Vol 2. Memoirs of a Physician. Illustriousness long unabridged version includes loftiness contents of book two, Andrée de Taverney; the short shortened versions usually are divided reach Balsamo and Andrée de Taverney as completely different books.
2. Andrée pointer Taverney, or The Mesmerist's Victim
3. The Queen's Necklace (Le Collier offer la Reine, (−)
4. Ange Pitou () (a.k.a. Storming the Bastille fit in Six Years Later). From that book, there are long comprehensive versions which include the words of book five, but relative to are many short versions rove treat "The Hero of dignity People" as a separated volume.
5. The Hero of the People
6. The Imperial Life Guard or The Trajectory of the Royal Family.
7. The Peep through de Charny (La Comtesse comfy Charny, –). As with harass books, there are long uncut versions which include the table of book six; but diverse short versions that leave list in The Royal Life Guard as a separate volume.
8. Le Escort de Maison-Rouge () (a.k.a. The Knight of the Red House, or The Knight of Maison-Rouge)

The Sainte-Hermine trilogy

1. The Companions of Jehu (Les Compagnons de Jehu, )
2. The Whites and the Blues (Les Blancs et les Bleus, )
3. The Knight of Sainte-Hermine (Le Player de Sainte-Hermine, ). Dumas's extreme novel, unfinished at his get, was completed by scholar Claude Schopp and published in ^[34] It was published in Truthfully in as The Last Cavalier.

Robin Hood

These were a translation cataclysm Pierce Egan the Younger's Robin Hood and Little John, initially published in England in

1. The Prince of Thieves (Le Emperor des voleurs, , posthumously). Review Robin Hood (and the inducement for the film The Consort of Thieves).
2. Robin Hood the Outlaw (Robin Hood le proscrit, , posthumously). Sequel to Le Chief des voleurs

Drama

Although best known telling as a novelist, Dumas control earned fame as a dramaturge. His Henri III et sa cour () was the good cheer of the great Romantic in sequence dramas produced on the Town stage, preceding Victor Hugo's finer famous Hernani (). Produced attractive the Comédie-Française and starring significance famous Mademoiselle Mars, Dumas's be indicative of was an enormous success allow launched him on his pursuit. It had 50 performances good the next year, extraordinary power the time. Dumas's works included:

• The Hunter and the Lover ()
• The Wedding and the Funeral ()
• Henry III and His Court ()
• Christine – Stockholm, Fontainebleau, suffer Rome ()
• Napoleon Bonaparte or 30 Years of the History model France ()
• Antony ()&#;&#; a drama truthful a contemporary Byronic hero&#;&#; is reputed the first non-historical Romantic screenplay. It starred Mars' great opponent Marie Dorval.
• Charles VII at description Homes of His Great Vassals (Charles VII chez ses grands vassaux, ). This drama was adapted by the Russian designer César Cui for his oeuvre The Saracen.
• Teresa ()
• La Tour time off Nesle (), a historical melodrama
• The Memories of Anthony ()
• The Registry of France: Isabel of Bavaria ()
• Kean (), based on dignity life of the notable c English actor Edmund Kean. Frédérick Lemaître played him in authority production.
• Caligula ()
• Miss Belle-Isle ()
• The In the springtime of li Ladies of Saint-Cyr ()
• The Salad days of Louis XIV ()
• The Boy of the Night – Rectitude Pirate () (with Gérard bother Nerval, Bernard Lopez, and Vanquisher Sejour)
• The Gold Thieves (after ): an unpublished five-act play. Take off was discovered in by influence Canadian scholar Reginald Hamel, who was researching in the Bibliothèque Nationale de France. The exert was published in France mission by Honoré-Champion. Hamel said go off at a tangent Dumas was inspired by clean novel written in by fulfil mistress Célèste de Mogador.^[3]

Dumas wrote many plays and adapted distinct of his novels as dramas. In the s, he supported the Théâtre Historique, located hasty the Boulevard du Temple guarantee Paris. The building was old after by the Opéra Ceremonial (established by Adolphe Adam detour ). It was renamed leadership Théâtre Lyrique in

Non-fiction

Dumas was a prolific writer of reference. He wrote journal articles ask for politics and culture and books on French history.

His protracted Grand Dictionnaire de cuisine (Great Dictionary of Cuisine) was available posthumously in , and many editions of it are yet in print today. A structure of encyclopaedia and cookbook, stop working reflects Dumas's interests as both a gourmet and an preeminence cook. An abridged version (the Petit Dictionnaire de cuisine, defender Small Dictionary of Cuisine) was published in

He was further known for his travel longhand. These books included:

• Impressions tributary voyage: En Suisse (Travel Impressions: In Switzerland, )
• Une Année à Florence (A Year in Florence, )
• De Paris à Cadix (From Paris to Cadiz, )
• Le Véloce: Tangier a Tunis (Tangier form Tunis, –47), –
• Montevideo, ou disruption nouvelle Troie, (The New Troy), inspired by the Great of Montevideo
• Le Journal de Madame Giovanni (The Journal of Madame Giovanni, )
• Travel Impressions in rendering Kingdom of Napoli/Naples Trilogy:
  • Impressions of Travel in Sicily (Le Speronare (Sicily – ),
  • Captain Arena (Le Capitaine Arena (Italy – Aeolian Islands and Calabria – ),
  • Impressions of Excursions in Naples (Le Corricolo (Rome – Naples – ),
• Travel Impressions in Russia – Exact Caucase Original edition: Paris
• Adventures in Czarist Russia, or Elude Paris to Astrakhan (Impressions decisiveness voyage: En Russie; De Town à Astrakan: Nouvelles impressions from beginning to end voyage (), –
• Voyage to significance Caucasus (Le Caucase: Impressions upset voyage; suite de En Russie (), –
• The Bourbons of Naples (Italian: I Borboni di Napoli, ) (7 volumes published impervious to Italian newspaper L'Indipendente, whose selfopinionated was Dumas himself).^[35][36]

Dumas Society

French chronicler Alain Decaux founded the "Société des Amis d'Alexandre Dumas" (The Society of Friends of Alexandre Dumas) in As of August&#;^[update] its president is Claude Schopp.^[37] The purpose in creating that society was to preserve glory Château de Monte-Cristo, where excellence society is currently located. Prestige other objectives of the Community are to bring together fans of Dumas, to develop ethnic activities of the Château hew Monte-Cristo, and to collect books, manuscripts, autographs and other holdings on Dumas.

See also

Notes

References

Sources

• Bell, A. Craig (). Alexandre Dumas: A Memoirs and Study. London: Cassell & Co.
• Gorman, Herbert (). The Beyond belief Marquis, Alexandre Dumas. New York: Farrar & Rinehart. OCLC&#;
• Hemmings, F.W.J. (). Alexandre Dumas, the Labored of Romance. New York: Physicist Scribner's Sons. ISBN&#;.
• Lucas-Dubreton, Jean (). The Fourth Musketeer. trans. fail to see Maida Castelhun Darnton. New York: Coward-McCann. OCLC&#;
• Maurois, André (). The Titans, a Three-Generation Biography enjoy the Dumas. trans. by Gerard Hopkins. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers. OCLC&#;
• Phillips, Emma Poet (). Watts Phillips: Artist delighted Playwright. London: Cassell & Company.
• Reed, F. W. (Frank Wild) (). A Bibliography of Alexandre Author, père. Pinner Hill, Middlesex: J.A. Neuhuys. OCLC&#;
• Ross, Michael (). Alexandre Dumas. Newton Abbot, London, Northward Pomfret (Vt): David & Physicist. ISBN&#;.
• Schopp, Claude (). Alexandre Writer, Genius of Life. trans. by virtue of A. J. Koch. New Royalty, Toronto: Franklin Watts. ISBN